過去分詞作定語

更新于:2022-10-28 17:53:24

  一、過去分詞作定語

  過去分詞作定語有前置和后置兩種情況。

  1、前置定語

  單個的過去分詞作定語,通常放在被修飾的名詞之前,表示被動和完成意義。

  A類:被動意義:

  an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人

  The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.

  受傷的工人現正在醫院受到良好的照料。

  B類:完成意義:

  a retired teacher 一位退休的教師

  They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.

  他們正在打掃院子里的落葉。

  2、后置定語

  過去分詞短語作定語時,通常放在被修飾的名詞之后,它的作用相當于一個定語從句。如:

  This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written)。

  這將是這類小說中寫得最好的。

  Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night?

  昨晚被邀請參加你的晚會的那些所謂的'客人是誰呀?

  二、過去分詞作表語

  作表語的過去分詞主要來自及物動詞,在主-系-表句型中,說明主語所處的一種狀態。其中系動詞有包括be在內的多種形式。如:

  You seem frightened.

  你看樣子受了驚嚇。

  少數不及物動詞(如go, come, set)的過去分詞也能作表語,但它們不表示被動意義,只是表示動作完成。如:

  They are gone for vacation.

  他們度假去了。

  注意:要區別系動詞+過去分詞(系表結構) 和 系動詞+過去分詞(被動語態)。如:

  A. The library is now closed.

  圖書館現在關門了。

  B. The library is closed at six.

  圖書館經常在六點鐘關門。

  說明:作表語用的過去分詞表示主語的特點或所處的狀態,強調主謂關系。這種結構中的過去分詞前可加上quite, very, rather等修飾詞。系動詞可有多種,表示不同的意義;被動語態表示動作,強調動賓關系,絕大多數被動結構中的行為執行者還可以用by短語來表示。因此,我們不難看出在上面兩句中,A句是系表結構,B句是被動語態。

  從A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

  1. Most of the artists _____ to the party were from South Africa. (MET 1990)

  A. invited B. to invite

  C. being invited D. had been invited

  2. The computer center, _____last year, is very popular among the students in this school. (NMET 1993)

  A. open B. opening

  C. having opened D. opened

  3. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _____ by the hour.(NMET 1998)

  A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay

  4.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?

  -The key _____ the problem is to meet the demand _____ by the customers. (北京2002)

  A. to solving; making

  B. to solving; made

  C. to solve; making

  D. to solve; made

  5. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledge.

  (上海2002)

  A. being known B. having been known

  C. to be known D. known

  答案: 1-5 ADCBD

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